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Structural steel is mainly applied in load bearing while the strength is a key measure standard. Here are some common specs available:
• I-beam (I-shaped cross-section - in Britain these include Universal Beams (UB) and Universal Columns (UC); in Europe it includes the IPE, HE, HL, HD and other sections; in the US it includes Wide Flange (WF) and H sections)
• Z-Shape (half a flange in opposite directions)
• HSS-Shape (Hollow structural section also known as SHS (structural hollow section) and including square, rectangular, circular (pipe) and elliptical cross sections)
• Angle (L-shaped cross-section)
• Channel ( [-shaped cross-section)
• Tee (T-shaped cross-section)
• Bar
• Rod
• Plate, metal sheets thicker than 6 mm or 1⁄4 inch.
Mechanical Properties
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Grade
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Y.S.
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T.S.
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Elongation
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MPa
|
d
|
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S186JR
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195
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430
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33
|
|
S235JR
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234
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500
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25
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S355JR
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325
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680
|
18
|
|
G550
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550
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550
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2
|
|
ST44
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265
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580
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14
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Most sections are manufactured by hot or cold rolling, others are made by welding flat or bent plates.
Thermal properties
It depends on their own alloy elements composition.
Steel never turns into a liquid below this temperature. Pure Iron ('Steel' with 0% Carbon) starts to melt at 1492 °C (2720 °F), and is completely liquid upon reaching 1539 °C (2802 °F). Steel with 2.1% Carbon by weight begins melting at 1130 °C (2066 °F), and is completely molten upon reaching 1315 °C (2400 °F). 'Steel' with more than 2.1% Carbon is no longer Steel, but is known as Cast iron.
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