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As one processing craft, cold rolling differs from hot rolling or induction bending by the amount of heat that is applied to the metal. In cold rolling the metal is typically at room temperature, while hot rolling the metal is heated to a much higher degree. Cold rolling is used to reduce the size and thickness of a metal and this process will also increase the strength and hardness of the metal.
Generally, cold rolling is completed at room temperature and the metal sheet is passed through two or more rollers that are set at a controlled weight. The rollers will decrease the thickness of the metal sheet while increasing its strength and hardness. There are four main types of cold rolling processes and they are as follows:
1. Full Hard – Finished metal that has been through the Full Hard cold rolling process will only be able to be bent to a 45-degree angle and will be used for very specific industry applications.
2. Half Hard - Steel cold rolled pipe with the Half Hard process will typically be rolled into pipes that can be bent to a maximum of 90 degrees. These metal pipes will be used in multiple industries, from the automotive to construction industry.
3. Quarter Hard - With the Quarter Hard cold rolling process finished steel pipe can be bent or rolled without causing any fractures or cracks.
4. Skin-rolling – This cold rolling metal process is used to reduce the thickness of a metal by 0.5 to 1 percent. This process will result in a smooth metal sheet that is more ductile than the other processes.
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